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Magnesium
- Categories:Nuclear power knowledge
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- Time of issue:2017-05-27
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(Summary description)China has been developing nuclear power since the 1960s. To this day, the nuclear-grade sponge zirconium necessary for nuclear power plants has been dependent on imports. On May 22, 2008, SNP and Westinghouse Electric signed the "Memorandum of Sino-US Civil Nuclear Energy Strategic Cooperation Memorandum" in Washington, U.S. The sponge zirconium joint venture is one of the three important strategic cooperations that both parties will focus on.
Magnesium
(Summary description)China has been developing nuclear power since the 1960s. To this day, the nuclear-grade sponge zirconium necessary for nuclear power plants has been dependent on imports. On May 22, 2008, SNP and Westinghouse Electric signed the "Memorandum of Sino-US Civil Nuclear Energy Strategic Cooperation Memorandum" in Washington, U.S. The sponge zirconium joint venture is one of the three important strategic cooperations that both parties will focus on.
- Categories:Nuclear power knowledge
- Author:
- Origin:
- Time of issue:2017-05-27 13:17
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Information
Magnesium is a very active metal. It acts as a reducing agent in the Kraul reduction reaction and reacts with metal chloride to replace the metal. Magnesium produces the product magnesium chloride. The magnesium used in metal zirconium is electrolytic magnesium or distilled magnesium. Among the raw materials used in sponge zirconium smelting, the cost ratio may be second only to the raw material zirconium oxychloride.
This article is translated from "U.S. Geological Survey——Mineral Overview 2017", which from the perspective of the United States, its domestic production and use, five-year main statistics, recycling, major exporting countries, tariffs, resource depletion subsidies, government A concise and concise overview of reserves, event trends and problems, global production and reserves, world resources, and alternatives. I believe it has a certain reference value for the supply chain of raw and auxiliary materials, and it can also be used for relevant personnel to understand and learn.
Magnesium metal
(Unless otherwise stated, the data are in thousands of metric tons)
Domestic production and consumption: In 2016, the main magnesium production was from a company in Utah that used an electrolysis process to recover magnesium from brine in the Great Salt Lake. The output in 2016 has increased compared to 2015. In order to avoid leaking the company's proprietary data, information about the production of magnesium metal in the United States cannot be disclosed. The most important raw magnesium is reported to be about 33% of the main amount used as a reducing agent for the production of titanium and other metals; aluminum-based magnesium alloys are used for packaging, transportation and other fields. The main amount of raw magnesium is about 30%; magnesium structural materials (casting And forged products) account for about 18% of the original magnesium consumption, 14% for iron and steel desulfurization, and 5% for other uses. About 70% of recycled magnesium is used for aluminum alloys, and about 30% of recycled magnesium is used for structural parts.
Recycling: In 2016, about 27,000 tons of recycled magnesium were recycled from old scraps and 64,000 tons of recycled magnesium were recycled from new scraps. Aluminum-based alloys account for 68% of recycled magnesium recovery, and magnesium-based casting, ingots and other materials account for the remaining 32%. Magnesium chloride is returned to the original magnesium supplier as a waste produced by the Utah Sponge Titanium Plant. The latter consumes this part of the metal magnesium production, which is not included in the recycled magnesium statistics.
Importing countries (2012–15): Israel 30%; Canada 22%; China 10%; Mexico 7%; other 31%.
Resource depletion subsidies: Dolomite 14% (domestic and foreign); Magnesium chloride (from well brine), 5% (domestic and foreign).
Government Reserve: None
Events, trends and problems: A plant in Mexico City, Missouri, which produces die-cast magnesium parts for the automotive industry, has expanded its production capacity by 30%, and the expansion was completed in early 2016. In October, affected by the increasing demand for die-casting products and secondary aluminum smelting, the secondary magnesium plant in Andersonville, Indiana restarted its annual production capacity of 25,000 tons, which is twice its current capacity. The expansion is expected to be completed by the end of 2016.
In China, since 2009, production fell for the first time in 2015, and production increased this year. A new plant in Qinghai Province will produce metallic magnesium from salt lake brine, which is expected to reach a full capacity of 100,000 tons per year in 2017. Due to restrictions on high energy consumption and compliance with environmental regulations, some plants that use the skin pulp method (silicon thermal reduction) to produce magnesium will be shut down.
As many magnesium users are concerned about supply diversification, several projects are being developed to increase the production capacity of primary magnesium. The only primary magnesium manufacturer in the United States has expanded its capacity by 20%. Another company is seeking investment and plans to build a plant in Nevada to produce magnesium from dolomite. The company is awaiting approval to operate a pilot plant completed at the beginning of the year to test the recovery of magnesium from minerals. Two companies in Quebec, Canada are testing the process of producing magnesium and magnesium compounds from asbestos tailings. If the pilot test proves economically feasible, one of them plans to build a 50,000-ton/year plant. An Australian company is conducting a feasibility study to recover 5,000 tons of magnesium from coal ash.
In order to meet fuel efficiency standards, automobile manufacturers seek to reduce the weight of vehicles, so the application of magnesium in auto parts continues to grow. However, due to the cost advantage of lower aluminum prices in 2016, some foundries have begun to convert magnesium to aluminum. The substitution of aluminum for automobile steel plates is expected to increase the amount of magnesium used in aluminum alloy plates. Although some magnesium plate applications have been developed in automobiles, these are generally limited to high-priced sports cars, luxury cars and certain automobiles. The high-priced magnesium in these cars does not affect them. use.
Due to the increased production of the titanium sponge plant in Utah, the amount of magnesium used in the production of titanium metal by the Kraul process increased in the first half of 2016. But in August, in view of the lower price of titanium sponge from overseas suppliers in the United States, the owner of the plant announced that the plant would stop production at the end of the year. Due to the suspension of the adjacent sponge titanium plant, the owner of the Utah magnesium plant announced in October that the expansion project would be postponed from 2017 to 2018 at the earliest.
World Resources: The recovery range of magnesium resources ranges from huge to almost unlimited and spreads all over the world. Dolomite resources and magnesia-bearing evaporite minerals are huge in quantity. The magnesium-containing brine is expected to constitute billions of tons of resources, and magnesium can be recovered from the seawater along the coastline.
Substitutes: Aluminum and zinc can replace magnesium in cast and rolled products. In steel desulfurization, calcium carbide can be used to replace magnesium. In most application areas of cast and rolled products, magnesium is relatively better than aluminum and zinc in its lightweight performance; however, compared to these alternatives
Products, the high cost of magnesium is a disadvantage. Because calcium carbide produces acetylene when it meets with water, magnesium is more popular than calcium carbide in steel desulfurization.
Annotation explanation
e Estimated value
W To avoid disclosing company proprietary data and inconvenient disclosure
1 See the chapter on magnesium compounds
2 Defined as import-export
3 For resource and reserve definitions and related data source information, please refer to Appendix C
4 Less than 500 tons
5 Excluding U.S. production
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